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<!doctype html><html lang=en dir=ltr class="blog-wrapper blog-post-page plugin-blog plugin-id-default" data-has-hydrated=false><meta charset=UTF-8><meta name=generator content="Docusaurus v3.6.1"><title data-rh=true>The webpack industrial complex | The Old Speice Guy</title><meta data-rh=true name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0"><meta data-rh=true name=twitter:card content=summary_large_image><meta data-rh=true property=og:url content=https://speice.io/2011/11/webpack-industrial-complex><meta data-rh=true property=og:locale content=en><meta data-rh=true name=docusaurus_locale content=en><meta data-rh=true name=docusaurus_tag content=default><meta data-rh=true name=docsearch:language content=en><meta data-rh=true name=docsearch:docusaurus_tag content=default><meta data-rh=true property=og:title content="The webpack industrial complex | The Old Speice Guy"><meta data-rh=true name=description content='This started because I wanted to build a synthesizer. Setting a goal of "digital DX7" was ambitious, but I needed something unrelated to the day job. Beyond that, working with audio seemed like a good challenge. I enjoy performance-focused code, and performance problems in audio are conspicuous. Building a web project was an obvious choice because of the web audio API documentation and independence from a large Digital Audio Workstation (DAW).'><meta data-rh=true property=og:description content='This started because I wanted to build a synthesizer. Setting a goal of "digital DX7" was ambitious, but I needed something unrelated to the day job. Beyond that, working with audio seemed like a good challenge. I enjoy performance-focused code, and performance problems in audio are conspicuous. Building a web project was an obvious choice because of the web audio API documentation and independence from a large Digital Audio Workstation (DAW).'><meta data-rh=true property=og:type content=article><meta data-rh=true property=article:published_time content=2022-11-20T12:00:00.000Z><link data-rh=true rel=icon href=/img/favicon.ico><link data-rh=true rel=canonical href=https://speice.io/2011/11/webpack-industrial-complex><link data-rh=true rel=alternate href=https://speice.io/2011/11/webpack-industrial-complex hreflang=en><link data-rh=true rel=alternate href=https://speice.io/2011/11/webpack-industrial-complex hreflang=x-default><script data-rh=true type=application/ld+json>{"@context":"https://schema.org","@id":"https://speice.io/2011/11/webpack-industrial-complex","@type":"BlogPosting","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Bradlee Speice"},"dateModified":"2024-11-10T21:41:38.000Z","datePublished":"2022-11-20T12:00:00.000Z","description":"This started because I wanted to build a synthesizer. 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class="container margin-vert--lg"><div class=row><aside class="col col--3"><nav class="sidebar_re4s thin-scrollbar" aria-label="Blog recent posts navigation"><div class="sidebarItemTitle_pO2u margin-bottom--md">All posts</div><div role=group><h3>2024</h3><div role=group><h4>Playing with fire</h4><ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2024/11/playing-with-fire>The fractal flame algorithm</a><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2024/11/playing-with-fire-transforms>Transforms and variations</a><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2024/11/playing-with-fire-log-density>Tone mapping and color</a></ul></ul></div></div><div role=group><h3>2022</h3><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a aria-current=page class="sidebarItemLink_mo7H sidebarItemLinkActive_I1ZP" href=/2011/11/webpack-industrial-complex>The webpack industrial complex</a></ul></div><div role=group><h3>2019</h3><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/12/release-the-gil>Release the GIL</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/09/binary-format-shootout>Binary format shootout</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/06/high-performance-systems>On building high performance systems</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/05/making-bread>Making bread</a></ul><div role=group><h4>Allocations in Rust</h4><ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/02/understanding-allocations-in-rust>Foreword</a><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/02/the-whole-world>Global memory</a><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/02/stacking-up>Fixed memory</a><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/02/a-heaping-helping>Dynamic memory</a><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/02/08/compiler-optimizations>Compiler optimizations</a><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2019/02/summary>Summary</a></ul></ul></div></div><div role=group><h3>2018</h3><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/12/allocation-safety>QADAPT - debug_assert! for allocations</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/12/what-small-business-really-means>More "what companies really mean"</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/10/case-study-optimization>A case study in heaptrack</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/09/isomorphic-apps>Isomorphic desktop apps with Rust</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/09/primitives-in-rust-are-weird>Primitives in Rust are weird (and cool)</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/06/dateutil-parser-to-rust>What I learned porting dateutil to Rust</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/05/hello>Hello!</a></ul><div role=group><h4>Captain's Cookbook</h4><ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/01/captains-cookbook-part-1>Project setup</a><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2018/01/captains-cookbook-part-2>Practical usage</a></ul></ul></div></div><div role=group><h3>2016</h3><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/11/pca-audio-compression>PCA audio compression</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/10/rustic-repodcasting>A Rustic re-podcasting server</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/06/event-studies-and-earnings-releases>Event studies and earnings releases</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/05/the-unfair-casino>The unfair casino</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/04/tick-tock>Tick tock...</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/03/tweet-like-me>Tweet like me</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/03/predicting-santander-customer-happiness>Predicting Santander customer happiness</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/02/profitability-using-the-investment-formula>Profitability using the investment formula</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/02/guaranteed-money-maker>Guaranteed money maker</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/01/cloudy-in-seattle>Cloudy in Seattle</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2016/01/complaining-about-the-weather>Complaining about the weather</a></ul></div><div role=group><h3>2015</h3><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2015/12/testing-cramer>Testing Cramer</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2015/11/autocallable>Autocallable Bonds</a></ul><ul class="sidebarItemList_Yudw clean-list"><li class=sidebarItem__DBe><a class=sidebarItemLink_mo7H href=/2015/11/welcome>Welcome, and an algorithm</a></ul></div></nav></aside><main class="col col--7"><article><header><h1 class=title_f1Hy>The webpack industrial complex</h1><div class="container_mt6G margin-vert--md"><time datetime=2022-11-20T12:00:00.000Z>November 20, 2022</time> · <!-- -->5 min read</div><div class="margin-top--md margin-bottom--sm row"><div class="col col--12 authorCol_Hf19"><div class="avatar margin-bottom--sm"><div class="avatar__intro authorDetails_lV9A"><div class=avatar__name><span class=authorName_yefp>Bradlee Speice</span></div><div class=authorSocials_rSDt><a href=https://github.com/bspeice target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer" class=authorSocialLink_owbf title=GitHub><svg viewBox="0 0 256 250" width=1em height=1em class="authorSocialLink_owbf githubSvg_Uu4N" style=--dark:#000;--light:#fff preserveAspectRatio=xMidYMid><path d="M128.001 0C57.317 0 0 57.307 0 128.001c0 56.554 36.676 104.535 87.535 121.46 6.397 1.185 8.746-2.777 8.746-6.158 0-3.052-.12-13.135-.174-23.83-35.61 7.742-43.124-15.103-43.124-15.103-5.823-14.795-14.213-18.73-14.213-18.73-11.613-7.944.876-7.78.876-7.78 12.853.902 19.621 13.19 19.621 13.19 11.417 19.568 29.945 13.911 37.249 10.64 1.149-8.272 4.466-13.92 8.127-17.116-28.431-3.236-58.318-14.212-58.318-63.258 0-13.975 5-25.394 13.188-34.358-1.329-3.224-5.71-16.242 1.24-33.874 0 0 10.749-3.44 35.21 13.121 10.21-2.836 21.16-4.258 32.038-4.307 10.878.049 21.837 1.47 32.066 4.307 24.431-16.56 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1.193c.036 1.055-1.193 1.93-2.715 1.95-1.53.034-2.769-.82-2.786-1.86 0-1.065 1.202-1.932 2.733-1.958 1.522-.03 2.768.818 2.768 1.868Zm10.555-.405c.182 1.03-.875 2.088-2.387 2.37-1.485.271-2.861-.365-3.05-1.386-.184-1.056.893-2.114 2.376-2.387 1.514-.263 2.868.356 3.061 1.403Z"/></svg></a></div></div></div></div></div></header><div id=__blog-post-container class=markdown><p>This started because I wanted to build a synthesizer. Setting a goal of "digital DX7" was ambitious, but I needed something unrelated to the day job. Beyond that, working with audio seemed like a good challenge. I enjoy performance-focused code, and performance problems in audio are conspicuous. Building a web project was an obvious choice because of the web audio API documentation and independence from a large Digital Audio Workstation (DAW).</p>
<p>The project was soon derailed trying to sort out technical issues unrelated to the original purpose. Finding a resolution was a frustrating journey, and it's still not clear whether those problems were my fault. As a result, I'm writing this to try making sense of it, as a case study/reference material, and to salvage something from the process.</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=starting-strong>Starting strong<a href=#starting-strong class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Starting strong" title="Direct link to Starting strong">​</a></h2>
<p>The sole starting requirement was to write everything in TypeScript. Not because of project scale, but because guardrails help with unfamiliar territory. Keeping that in mind, the first question was: how does one start a new project? All I actually need is "compile TypeScript, show it in a browser."</p>
<p>Create React App (CRA) came to the rescue and the rest of that evening was a joy. My TypeScript/JavaScript skills were rusty, but the online documentation was helpful. I had never understood the appeal of JSX (why put a DOM in JavaScript?) until it made connecting an <code>onEvent</code> handler and a function easy.</p>
<p>Some quick dimensional analysis later and there was a sine wave oscillator playing A=440 through the speakers. I specifically remember thinking "modern browsers are magical."</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=continuing-on>Continuing on<a href=#continuing-on class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Continuing on" title="Direct link to Continuing on">​</a></h2>
<p>Now comes the first mistake: I began to worry about "scale" before encountering an actual problem. Rather than rendering audio in the main thread, why not use audio worklets and render in a background thread instead?</p>
<p>The first sign something was amiss came from the TypeScript compiler errors showing the audio worklet API <a href=https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/28308 target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">was missing</a>. After searching out Github issues and (unsuccessfully) tweaking the <code>.tsconfig</code> settings, I settled on installing a package and moving on.</p>
<p>The next problem came from actually using the API. Worklets must load from separate "modules," but it wasn't clear how to guarantee the worklet code stayed separate from the application. I saw recommendations to use <code>new URL(&lt;local path>, import.meta.url)</code> and it worked! Well, kind of:</p>
<p><img decoding=async loading=lazy alt="Browser error" src=/assets/images/video_mp2t-1decc5fbd88b54dadd06691ce4c629ec.png width=1279 height=143 class=img_ev3q></p>
<p>That file has the audio processor code, so why does it get served with <code>Content-Type: video/mp2t</code>?</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=floundering-about>Floundering about<a href=#floundering-about class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Floundering about" title="Direct link to Floundering about">​</a></h2>
<p>Now comes the second mistake: even though I didn't understand the error, I ignored recommendations to <a href=https://hackernoon.com/implementing-audioworklets-with-react-8a80a470474 target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">just use JavaScript</a> and stuck by the original TypeScript requirement.</p>
<p>I tried different project structures. Moving the worklet code to a new folder didn't help, nor did setting up a monorepo and placing it in a new package.</p>
<p>I tried three different CRA tools - <code>react-app-rewired</code>, <code>craco</code>, <code>customize-react-app</code> - but got the same problem. Each has varying levels of compatibility with recent CRA versions, so it wasn't clear if I had the right solution but implemented it incorrectly. After attempting to eject the application and panicking after seeing the configuration, I abandoned that as well.</p>
<p>I tried changing the webpack configuration: using <a href=https://github.com/webpack/webpack/issues/11543#issuecomment-917673256 target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">new</a> <a href=https://github.com/popelenkow/worker-url target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">loaders</a>, setting <a href=https://github.com/webpack/webpack/discussions/14093#discussioncomment-1257149 target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">asset rules</a>, even <a href=https://github.com/webpack/webpack/issues/11543#issuecomment-826897590 target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">changing how webpack detects worker resources</a>. In hindsight, entry points may have been the answer. But because CRA actively resists attempts to change its webpack configuration, and I couldn't find audio worklet examples in any other framework, I gave up.</p>
<p>I tried so many application frameworks. Next.js looked like a good candidate, but added its own <a href=https://github.com/vercel/next.js/issues/24907 target=_blank rel="noopener noreferrer">bespoke webpack complexity</a> to the existing confusion. Astro had the best "getting started" experience, but I refuse to install an IDE-specific plugin. I first used Deno while exploring Lume, but it couldn't import the audio worklet types (maybe because of module compatibility?). Each framework was unique in its own way (shout-out to SvelteKit) but I couldn't figure out how to make them work.</p>
<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=learning-and-reflecting>Learning and reflecting<a href=#learning-and-reflecting class=hash-link aria-label="Direct link to Learning and reflecting" title="Direct link to Learning and reflecting">​</a></h2>
<p>I ended up using Vite and vite-plugin-react-pages to handle both "build the app" and "bundle worklets," but the specific tool choice isn't important. Instead, the focus should be on lessons learned.</p>
<p>For myself:</p>
<ul>
<li>I'm obsessed with tooling, to the point it can derail the original goal. While it comes from a good place (for example: "types are awesome"), it can get in the way of more important work</li>
<li>I tend to reach for online resources right after seeing a new problem. While finding help online is often faster, spending time understanding the problem would have been more productive than cycling through (often outdated) blog posts</li>
</ul>
<p>For the tools:</p>
<ul>
<li>Resource bundling is great and solves a genuine challenge. I've heard too many horror stories of developers writing modules by hand to believe this is unnecessary complexity</li>
<li>Webpack is a build system and modern frameworks are deeply dependent on it (hence the "webpack industrial complex"). While this often saves users from unnecessary complexity, there's no path forward if something breaks</li>
<li>There's little ability to mix and match tools across frameworks. Next.js and Gatsby let users extend webpack, but because each framework adds its own modules, changes aren't portable. After spending a week looking at webpack, I had an example running with parcel in thirty minutes, but couldn't integrate it</li>
</ul>
<p>In the end, learning new systems is fun, but a focus on tools that "just work" can leave users out in the cold if they break down.</div></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Blog post page navigation"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href=/2019/12/release-the-gil><div class=pagination-nav__sublabel>Older post</div><div class=pagination-nav__label>Release the GIL</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href=/2024/11/playing-with-fire><div class=pagination-nav__sublabel>Newer post</div><div class=pagination-nav__label>Playing with fire: The fractal flame algorithm</div></a></nav></main><div class="col col--2"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href=#starting-strong class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Starting strong</a><li><a href=#continuing-on class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Continuing on</a><li><a href=#floundering-about class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Floundering about</a><li><a href=#learning-and-reflecting class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Learning and reflecting</a></ul></div></div></div></div></div><footer class=footer><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class=footer__copyright>Copyright © 2024 Bradlee Speice</div></div></div></footer></div>
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