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+---
+layout: post
+title: "The webpack industrial complex"
+description: "Reflections on a new project"
+category:
+tags: [webpack, react, vite]
+---
+
+This started because I wanted to build a synthesizer. Setting a goal of "digital DX7" was ambitious, but I needed something unrelated to the day job. Beyond that, working with audio seemed like a good challenge. I enjoy performance-focused code, and performance problems in audio are conspicuous. Building a web project was an obvious choice because of the web audio API documentation and independence from a large Digital Audio Workstation (DAW).
+
+The project was soon derailed trying to sort out technical issues unrelated to the original purpose. Finding a resolution was a frustrating journey, and it's still not clear whether those problems were my fault. As a result, I'm writing this to try making sense of it, as a case study/reference material, and to salvage something from the process.
+
+## Starting strong
+
+The sole starting requirement was to write everything in TypeScript. Not because of project scale, but because guardrails help with unfamiliar territory. Keeping that in mind, the first question was: how does one start a new project? All I actually need is "compile TypeScript, show it in a browser."
+
+Create React App (CRA) came to the rescue and the rest of that evening was a joy. My TypeScript/JavaScript skills were rusty, but the online documentation was helpful. I had never understood the appeal of JSX (why put a DOM in JavaScript?) until it made connecting an `onEvent` handler and a function easy.
+
+Some quick dimensional analysis later and there was a sine wave oscillator playing A=440 through the speakers. I specifically remember thinking "modern browsers are magical."
+
+## Continuing on
+
+Now comes the first mistake: I began to worry about "scale" before encountering an actual problem. Rather than rendering audio in the main thread, why not use audio worklets and render in a background thread instead?
+
+The first sign something was amiss came from the TypeScript compiler errors showing the audio worklet API [was missing](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/28308). After searching out Github issues and (unsuccessfully) tweaking the `.tsconfig` settings, I settled on installing a package and moving on.
+
+The next problem came from actually using the API. Worklets must load from separate "modules," but it wasn't clear how to guarantee the worklet code stayed separate from the application. I saw recommendations to use `new URL(<local path>, import.meta.url)` and it worked! Well, kind of:
+
+![Browser error](/assets/images/2022-11-20-video_mp2t.png)
+
+That file has the audio processor code, so why does it get served with `Content-Type: video/mp2t`?
+
+## Floundering about
+
+Now comes the second mistake: even though I didn't understand the error, I ignored recommendations to [just use JavaScript](https://hackernoon.com/implementing-audioworklets-with-react-8a80a470474) and stuck by the original TypeScript requirement.
+
+I tried different project structures. Moving the worklet code to a new folder didn't help, nor did setting up a monorepo and placing it in a new package.
+
+I tried three different CRA tools - `react-app-rewired`, `craco`, `customize-react-app` - but got the same problem. Each has varying levels of compatibility with recent CRA versions, so it wasn't clear if I had the right solution but implemented it incorrectly. After attempting to eject the application and panicking after seeing the configuration, I abandoned that as well.
+
+I tried changing the webpack configuration: using [new](https://github.com/webpack/webpack/issues/11543#issuecomment-917673256) [loaders](https://github.com/popelenkow/worker-url), setting [asset rules](https://github.com/webpack/webpack/discussions/14093#discussioncomment-1257149), even [changing how webpack detects worker resources](https://github.com/webpack/webpack/issues/11543#issuecomment-826897590). In hindsight, entry points may have been the answer. But because CRA actively resists attempts to change its webpack configuration, and I couldn't find audio worklet examples in any other framework, I gave up.
+
+I tried so many application frameworks. Next.js looked like a good candidate, but added its own [bespoke webpack complexity](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/issues/24907) to the existing confusion. Astro had the best "getting started" experience, but I refuse to install an IDE-specific plugin. I first used Deno while exploring Lume, but it couldn't import the audio worklet types (maybe because of module compatibility?). Each framework was unique in its own way (shout-out to SvelteKit) but I couldn't figure out how to make them work.
+
+## Learning and reflecting
+
+I ended up using Vite and vite-plugin-react-pages to handle both "build the app" and "bundle worklets," but the specific tool choice isn't important. Instead, the focus should be on lessons learned.
+
+For myself:
+
+- I'm obsessed with tooling, to the point it can derail the original goal. While it comes from a good place (for example: "types are awesome"), it can get in the way of more important work
+- I tend to reach for online resources right after seeing a new problem. While finding help online is often faster, spending time understanding the problem would have been more productive than cycling through (often outdated) blog posts
+
+For the tools:
+
+- Resource bundling is great and solves a genuine challenge. I've heard too many horror stories of developers writing modules by hand to believe this is unnecessary complexity
+- Webpack is a build system and modern frameworks are deeply dependent on it (hence the "webpack industrial complex"). While this often saves users from unnecessary complexity, there's no path forward if something breaks
+- There's little ability to mix and match tools across frameworks. Next.js and Gatsby let users extend webpack, but because each framework adds its own modules, changes aren't portable. After spending a week looking at webpack, I had an example running with parcel in thirty minutes, but couldn't integrate it
+
+In the end, learning new systems is fun, but a focus on tools that "just work" can leave users out in the cold if they break down.
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